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¹ Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
² Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
³ Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama, Okayama 701-0202, Japan
⁴ Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Biology, Department of Cell Cycle and Cancer, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
⁵ Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan

Chk1 is phosphorylated at Ser317 and Ser345 by ATR in response to stalled replication and genotoxic stresses. This Chk1 activation is thought to play critical roles in the prevention of premature mitosis. However, the behavior of Chk1 in mitosis remains largely unknown. Here we reported that Chk1 was phosphorylated in mitosis. The reduction of this phosphorylation was observed at the metaphase-anaphase transition. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping revealed that Chk1 phosphorylation sites in vivo were completely overlapped with the in vitro sites by cyclin-dependent protein kinase (Cdk) 1 or by p38 MAP kinase. Ser286 and Ser301 were identified as novel phosphorylation sites on Chk1. Treatment with Cdk inhibitor butyrolactone I induced the reduction of Chk1-S301 phosphorylation, although treatment with p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 or siRNA did not. In addition, ionizing radiation (IR) or ultraviolet (UV) light did not induce Chk1 phosphorylation at Ser317 and Ser345 in nocodazole-arrested mitotic cells. These observations imply the regulation of mitotic Chk1 function through Chk1 phosphorylation at novel sites by Cdk1.

^a Present address: Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Cell Structure and Diseases Unit, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan

^* Correspondence: E-mail: hgoto{at}aichi-cc.jp, minagaki{at}aichi-cc.jp

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