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¹ Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
² Center for Brain Experiment, National Institute for Physiological Science, Okazaki, Japan
³ Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Science, Okazaki, Japan
⁴ Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan
⁵ Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine and Connecticut Mental Health Center, CT, USA

To elucidate spatial and temporal profiles of the protein kinase C (PKC) activation in relation to neuronal functions including synaptic plasticity, we tried to detect PKC translocation in living brain slices. We first developed brain region-specific and inducible PKC-GFP transgenic mice using a tetracycline (tet)-regulated system. In the transgenic mice, the expression of PKC-GFP was region-specifically regulated by the promoter and abolished by the administration of doxycycline. Cerebellar slices from the mice were utilized for intracellular recording and fluorescence imaging of PKC-GFP in Purkinje cells. GFP fluorescence was uniformly distributed from soma to dendritic arbor. When mGluR agonists were applied, the intensity was transiently increased at the edge of the dendrite and concomitantly decreased in the cytoplasm, indicating that PKC translocated to the plasma membrane. This transient change in the pattern of GFP fluorescence simultaneously occurred throughout the Purkinje cell dendrites by agonist stimulation. Translocation of PKC-GFP was also induced by electrical stimulation of parallel fibres. However, the event was not restricted at the distal dendrites, propagated forwardly along the dendritic tree and reached to the proximal trunk close to the soma. Time course of the propagation was slower than the electrical signal and Ca²⁺ waves and faster than conveying molecules through microtubules. The present results indicate that PKC signals activated locally by parallel fibre input could propagate to the soma through dendrites in living Purkinje neurones. The findings may provide us with a new insight for understanding molecular mechanisms of the synaptic plasticity including cerebellar long-term depression.

^* Correspondence: E-mail: naosaito{at}kobe-u.ac.jp

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