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1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
2 Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
3 Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
4 Laboratories for Biomolecular Network, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
DNA polymerases 
and 
(Pol and Pol) are widely thought to be the major DNA polymerases that function in elongation during DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. However, the precise roles of these polymerases are still unclear. Here we comparatively analysed DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts in which Pol or Pol was immunodepleted. Depletion of either polymerase resulted in a significant decrease in DNA synthesis and accumulation of short nascent DNA products, indicating an elongation defect. Moreover, Pol depletion caused a more severe defect in elongation, as shown by sustained accumulation of both short nascent DNA products and single-stranded DNA gaps, and also by elevated chromatin binding of replication proteins that function more frequently during lagging strand synthesis. Therefore, our data strongly suggest the possibilities that Pol is essential for lagging strand synthesis and that this function of Pol cannot be substituted for by Pol.
* Correspondence: E-mail: swaga{at}biken.osaka-u.ac.jp
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